In 1959 Russell & Burch published their book on The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, in which the principles of the 3Rs were first described. To Replace, Reduce & Refine animal experimentation still remain major tenants of animal research, although more contemporary definitions have now been added that focus on how good welfare leads to good science, and without good animal welfare, scientific integrity and accuracy is compromised. We can provide advice and education on the 3Rs , and can can help you implement in your research.